- Medication Causes of Hypertension
- Pregnancy Induced Hypertension
- Hypertension
- Hypertension Evaluation
- Hypertension Evaluation History
- Evaluation Exam
- Hypertension Evaluation Labs
- Isolated Systolic Hypertension
- Hypertension Management
- Hypertension Risk Stratification
- Resistant Hypertension
- Antihypertensive Selection
- Hypertension Management for Specific Comorbid Diseases
- Hypertension Management for Specific Populations
- Hypertension Management for Specific Emergencies
- Hypertension in Children
- Hypertension in Infants
- Hypertension in Pregnancy
- Hypertension in Athletes
- Hypertension in the Elderly
- Common Secondary Hypertension by age
- Age under 18 years
- See below
- Secondary cause in 10-15% of cases (70-85% of cases if under age 11 years old)
- Aortic Coarctation (esp. males)
- Renal parenchymal disease (most common in under age <12 years)
- Glomerulonephritis
- Vesicoureteral Reflux Nephropathy
- Conngenital abnormalities
- Age 19 to 39 years
- Secondary cause in 5% of cases
- Renal Artery Stenosis due to fibromuscular dysplasia
- Thyroid Disease
- Renal parenchymal disease
- Age 40 to 64 years
- Secondary cause in 8 to 12% of cases
- Hyperaldosteronism
- Thyroid Disease
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea
- Cushing Syndrome
- Pheochromocytoma
- Age over 65 years
- Secondary cause in 17% of cases
- Renal Artery Stenosis due to atherosclerotic disease
- Chronic Kidney Disease
- Thyroid Disease (Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism)
- References
- Secondary Hypertension in Adults
- See Resistant Hypertension
- See Severe Hypertension
- Endocrine Causes
- Primary Aldosteronism
- Most common treatable secondary cause of Hypertension
- Evaluate as cause in Refractory Hypertension where Hypokalemia (even borderline low Potassium)
- Pheochromocytoma (rare)
- Cushing's Disease
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Consider in Hypertension with Hypercalcemia
- Thyroid Disease
- Hyperthyroidism causes systolic Hypertension
- Hypothyroidism causes diastolic Hypertension
- Primary Aldosteronism
- Vascular Causes
- Medications or substances
- Miscellaneous causes
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea
- Renal parenchymal disease
- Preeclampsia (Pregnancy Induced Hypertension)
- Cerebrovascular Accident
- Secondary Hypertension in age <18 years old
- See Hypertension in Infants
- Renal parenchymal disease (Most common cause in children under age 12 years - up to 70%)
- Glomerulonephritis
- Vesicoureteral Reflux Nephropathy
- Vascular Causes
- Renal Artery Stenosis (due to fibromuscular dysplasia)
- Aortic Coarctation
- Endocrine conditions
-
Essential Hypertension
- Less common in age <10 years (although accounts for growing percentage in this age group)
- Most common cause in adolescents and adults
- Miscellaneous Causes
- Medications
- See Medication Causes of Hypertension
- See Medication causes listed above under adult section