• See also
  1. Congenital Heart Disease
  2. Congenital Heart Disease Causes
  • History
  1. First described by German physician in 1897
  • Pathophysiology
  1. Complication of untreated Ventricular Septal Defect
  2. Findings
    1. Ventricular Septal Defect
    2. Pulmonary Hypertension
    3. Right to left shunt
    4. Overriding aorta variably present
  • Symptoms
  1. Dyspnea on exertion
  2. Fatigue
  3. Palpitations
  4. Hemoptysis
  • Signs
  1. Cyanosis
  2. Systolic Murmur in the 4th left intercostal interspace
  3. Accentuated P2 of the Second Heart Sound
  4. Finger Clubbing
  5. Accentuated precordial thrust of right ventricle
  1. Right Axis Deviation
  2. Ventricular Hypertrophy
  • Labs
  1. Hemoglobin increased (Erythrocytosis)
  • Complications
  1. Right Ventricular Failure
  2. Tricuspid regurgitation
  3. Cerebrovascular Accident
  4. Renal Failure
  5. Arrhythmia
  6. Iron Deficiency Anemia
  • References
  1. Saenz (1999) Am Fam Physician 59(7):1857-66 [PubMed]
  2. Cyran (1998) PREP review lecture, October, Phoenix
  3. Merenstein (1994) Pediatrics, Lange