Exam
Right Axis Deviation
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Right Axis Deviation
, Extreme Right Axis Deviation, Right Superior QRS Axis
See Also
QRS Axis
Left Axis Deviation
Electrocardiogram
Cardiac Electrophysiology Anatomy
Definitions
Extreme Right Axis Deviation (right superior axis, -90 to 180)
Negative net QRS voltage in lead I
Negative net QRS voltage in lead avF
On clock face, represents the 9:00 to 12:00 position
Right Axis Deviation
Deviation into lead III axis (+90 to -90 degrees)
Negative net QRS voltage in lead I
Positive net QRS voltage in lead avF
On clock face, represents the 6:00 to 9:00 position
Interpretation
Based on most isoelectric lead
Images
Approach
See
QRS Axis
Lead with most symmetric voltage (as much positive QRS voltage as negative QRS voltage)
Choose lead that is perpendicular to isoelectric lead and that leads axis is the same as the
QRS Axis
Extreme Right Axis Deviation (-90 to -180, negative in lead I and negative in lead avF)
Most Isoelectric I (avF is perpendicular): -90 (12:00)
Most Isoelectric avL (II is perpendicular): -120 (11:00)
Most Isoelectric III (avR is perpendicular): -150 (10:00)
Most Isoelectric avF (I is perpendicular): -180 (9:00)
Right Axis Deviation (+180 to +90, negative in lead I and positive in lead avF)
Most Isoelectric avF (I is perpendicular): +180 (9:00)
Most Isoelectric II (avL is perpendicular): +150 (8:00)
Most Isoelectric avR (III is perpendicular): +120 (7:00)
Most Isoelectric I (avF is perpendicular): +90 (6:00)
Causes
Normal variation
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
(
COPD
)
Acute
Pulmonary Embolism
Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
Right Bundle Branch Block
Left Posterior Fascicular Block
(
Left Posterior Hemiblock
)
Dextrocardia
Left ventricular ectopic rhythm
Wolf-Parkinson-White Syndrome (
WPW Syndrome
)
Prior lateral
Myocardial Infarction
Hyperkalemia
Misplaced Limb Leads
Sodium
-channel Blocker (Class I
Antiarrhythmic
)
Overdose
References
Mattu (2020) Crit Dec Emerg Med 34(4): 18
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