Bladder

Overflow Incontinence

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Overflow Incontinence, Overflow Bladder

  • See Also
  1. Incontinence
  2. Low Pressure Urethra (Type 3)
  3. Urge Incontinence
  4. Stress Incontinence
  5. Functional Incontinence
  6. Medication Causes of Incontinence
  7. Three Incontinence Questions
  8. Enuresis
  • Mechanism
  1. Bladder overdistention with Urinary Retention
  2. Usually have high residual urine
  • Causes
  1. Neurologic disease inhibiting detrussor activity
    1. Diabetes Mellitus
    2. Vitamin B12 Deficiency
    3. Herniated intervertebral disc
    4. Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
  2. Bladder outlet obstruction
    1. Prostatic enlargement (Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy)
    2. Urethral or Bladder neck stricture
    3. Pelvic tumors
    4. Uninhibited Urethral sphicter contraction
  3. Medication induced decreased Bladder contractility
    1. See Medication Causes of Urinary Incontinence
    2. ACE Inhibitor
    3. Beta Blockers
    4. Calcium Channel Blockers
    5. Antidepressants
    6. Antipsychotics
    7. Antihistamines
    8. Antiparkinsonism medications
    9. Opioids
    10. Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
  4. Medication induced increased Urethral sphincter tone
    1. Alpha Adrenergic Agonists
    2. Amphetamines
    3. Tricyclic Antidepressants
  • Symptoms
  1. Incomplete Bladder emptying with need to strain to try to empty Bladder
  2. Urinary Frequency
  3. Urinary hesitancy
  4. Double voiding (Sensation to void again shortly after last void)
  5. Leakage of urine
  • Signs
  1. Palpable distended Bladder post voiding
  2. Post-void residual >200 cc (see Bladder Stress Test)
    1. Have patient void
    2. Insert Urinary Catheter and record Urine Volume
    3. Normally less than 50 cc
  • Diagnosis
  1. Ultrasound assess Bladder volume
  2. Uroflowmetry (urodynamics)
  • Management
  • General
  1. Correct underlying outflow obstruction
  2. Intermittent Self Catheterization
  3. Double Voiding
  4. Crede's Maneuver
  1. Mechanism
    1. Cholinergic Agonist
    2. Parasympathetic stimulation contracts detrussor
  2. Indications: Non-obstructive Bladder atony
  3. Contraindications
    1. Hyperthyroidism
    2. Peptic Ulcer Disease
    3. Asthma
  • Management
  • Alpha-Adrenergic blockade
  1. Preparations
    1. Prazosin (Minipress)
    2. Terazosin (Hytrin)
  2. Mechanism
    1. Decreases Bladder neck and Urethral tone
  3. Indications
    1. Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
    2. Sphincter Hyperspasticity (non-surgical candidate)
  • References
  1. Hersh (2013) Am Fam Physician 87(9): 634-40 [PubMed]
  2. Hu (2019) Am Fam Physician 100(6): 339-48 [PubMed]
  3. Khadelwal (2013) Am Fam Physician 87(8): 543-50 [PubMed]