- Human body requires more than 40 essential nutrients it cannot synthesize
- Most nutrients are supplied in a typical well-rounded U.S. diet
- However, dietary restrictions (e.g. vegan), disease states and medications can result in deficiencies
- Vitamin Deficiency presentations can have subtle and vague presentations making diagnosis challenging
- Associated Conditions
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B Vitamin Deficiency States
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Vitamin B1 Deficiency (Thiamine deficiency, Beriberi or Wernicke's Encephalopathy)
- Ataxia, Confusion, Ophthalmoplegia (lateral Gaze Palsy)
-
Vitamin B2 Deficiency (Riboflavin Deficiency)
- Angular Cheilitis, Gingivitis, photophobia
-
Vitamin B3 Deficiency (Niacin Deficiency or Pellagra)
- Diarrhea, dermatitis and Dementia (3 D's)
-
Vitamin B6 Deficiency (Pyridoxine Deficiency)
- Glossitis, Peripheral Neuropathy
-
Vitamin B9 Deficiency (Folic Acid Deficiency)
- Macrocytic Anemia (also caused by B12 Deficiency)
- Folic Acid Supplementation in Pregnancy
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Vitamin B12 Deficiency
- Weakness, Peripheral Neuropathy, Ataxia, Dementia, macroyctic Anemia
- B12 Supplementation in Vegetarians and Vegans, Metformin, Antacids (PPI, H2 Blockers)
- Associated Conditions
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Other Vitamin Deficiencies
- Associated Conditions
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Vitamin Deficiency by underlying predisposition
- Rendon et al. (2017) Crit Dec Emerg Med 31(6): 15-21
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