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Aplastic Anemia
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Aplastic Anemia
Epidemiology
Median age of onset: 25 years
Presentation
Symptoms
Fatigue
Fever
Causes
Acquired
Idiopathic (most common cause)
Viral Infection
Infectious Mononucleosis
Viral Hepatitis
(non-A non-B non-C)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Medications
Cancer
Chemotherapy
(common cause)
Antileukemic medications
Nitrogen mustard
Chloramphenicol
(1 per 60,000 courses)
Phenylbutazone
Phenytoin
(
Dilantin
)
Carbamazepine
Sulfonamide
Sulfonylurea
Heavy Metal
s (Gold,
Arsenic
,
Mercury
, bismuth)
Quinacrine
Chloroquine
Antithyroid Drug
s (e.g.
Propylthiouracil
)
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (e.g.
Acetazolamide
)
NSAID
s
Antihistamine
s (
Cimetidine
,
Chlorpheniramine
)
High dose
Estrogen
(e.g. Pregnancy)
Immune Causes
Eosinophil
ic fasciitis
Hypoimmunoglobulinemia
Toxins
Radiation
Insecticide
s (DDT,
Lindane
, Chlordane)
Benzene (Kerosene, Carbon Tetrachloride, Chlorphenol)
Miscellaneous
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
Pregnancy
Causes
Inherited
Dyskeratosis congenita
Fanconi's Anemia
Reticular dysgenesis
Schwachman-Diamond Syndrome
Familial Aplastic Anemia (Preleukemia)
Differential Diagnosis
See
Pancytopenia
Labs
Complete Blood Count
See
Pancytopenia
Peripheral Smear
See
Pancytopenia
Bone Marrow Biopsy
Hypoplastic marrow (fat infiltration)
Evaluation
See
Pancytopenia
References
Bacigalupo in Rakel (2001) Conn's Therapy, p. 366-8
Ravel (1995) Clinical Laboratory Medicine, p. 35-6
Young in Goldman (2000) Cecil Medicine, p. 848-53
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