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Endometrial Cancer Risk Factor

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Endometrial Cancer Risk Factor, Endometrial Cancer Risks, Unopposed Estrogen

  • See Also
  1. Endometrial Cancer
  2. Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
  3. Endometrial Biopsy
  4. Transvaginal Ultrasound
  • Prevention
  • Protective Factors
  1. High Parity
  2. Normal body weight (BMI 20-24)
  3. Oral Contraceptive use for one or more years
    1. Avoid Unopposed Estrogen
    2. Estrogen Replacement Therapy should be accompanied by Progesterone
  • Risk Factors
  1. Menstrual History
    1. Early Menarche (under age 12): 1.5 to 2 fold Relative Risk
    2. Nulliparity: 2 to 3 fold Relative Risk
    3. Late Menopause (over age 52): 2.4 fold Relative Risk
    4. Bloody Menopause: 4 fold Relative Risk
  2. Obesity
    1. Obese women account for 70% of early stage Endometrial Cancer
    2. Endometrial Cancer mortality increases with Body Mass Index
    3. Overweight 21-50 pounds: 3.0 fold Relative Risk
    4. Overweight more than 50 pounds: 10 fold Relative Risk
    5. Increased BMI compared to women with BMI 20 to 24
      1. BMI 30-34: 1.7 Relative Risk
      2. BMI 35-39: 4.3 Relative Risk
      3. BMI >40: 6.4 Relative Risk
  3. Anovulation or PCOS and related conditions
    1. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (Stein Leventhal Syndrome)
    2. Chronic Anovulation
    3. Hirsutism: 2 fold Relative Risk
  4. Exogenous Hormones
    1. Unopposed Estrogen: 9.5 fold Relative Risk
    2. Tamoxifen: 2.3 fold Relative Risk
  5. Familial history of cancer
    1. Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC, Lynch Syndrome): High risk
    2. Family history Endometrial Cancer
  6. Age related risks
    1. Risk roughly doubles every 5 years after age 30
    2. Ages 15 to 18 years: rare
    3. Ages 30 to 34 years: 2.8 cases per 100,000
    4. Ages 35 to 39 years: 6.1 cases per 100,000
    5. Ages 40 to 44 years: 12.5 cases per 100,000
    6. Ages 45 to 49 years: 24.0 cases per 100,000
    7. Ages 50 to 54 years: 47.9 cases per 100,000
    8. Ages 55 to 59 years: 68.4 cases per 100,000
    9. Ages 60 to 64 years: 86.5 cases per 100,000
    10. Ages 65 to 69 years: 94.4 cases per 100,000
    11. Ages 70 to 74 years: 101.9 cases per 100,000
    12. SEER Cancer statistics
      1. http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2000
  7. Other risks
    1. Diabetes Mellitus: 2.8 fold Relative Risk
    2. Hypertension: 1.5 fold Relative Risk
    3. Liver disease
    4. Hypothyroidism
    5. Alcohol Abuse
    6. History of pelvic irradiation
  • References
  1. Buchanan (2009) Am Fam Physician 80(10): 1075-88 [PubMed]
  2. Lindemann (2008) Br J Cancer 98(9): 1582-5 [PubMed]
  3. Sorosky (2008) Obstet Gynecol 111(2 pt 1): 436-47 [PubMed]