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Patent Ductus Arteriosus

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Patent Ductus Arteriosus

  • See also
  1. Congenital Heart Disease
  2. Congenital Heart Disease Causes
  • Epidemiology
  1. Incidence: 12% of Congenital Heart Defects
  2. Affects 20-60% of Premature Infants
  3. Females affected twice as often as males
  • Risk Factors
  1. Maternal residence at high altitude
  2. Rubella exposure in the first timester
  • Pathophysiology
  1. Failure after birth of obliteration ductus arteriosus
  2. Leaves communication between aorta and pulmonary artery
  • Symptoms (may be asymptomatic)
  1. Growth retarded
  2. Exertional Dyspnea
  • Signs
  1. Machinery murmur throughout Cardiac Cycle
  2. Late systolic accentuation of murmur
    1. Left second interspace
    2. Left back
  3. Large shunt related findings
    1. Collapsing Pulse
    2. High Pulse Pressure
  1. Large PDA
    1. Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
  2. Pulmonary Hypertension
    1. Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
    2. Biventricular hypertrophy
  • Imaging
  1. Chest XRay
    1. Cardiomegaly
    2. Increased pulmonary markings
  2. Echocardiogram
    1. Identify PDA on doppler flow
  3. Aortogram
    1. Accentuated pulmonary conus
    2. Prominent pulsating lung markings
    3. Pulmonary artery opacification
  • Management
  1. Premature Infant (requires urgent management)
    1. Indomethacin
    2. Surgical ligation or transvenous Occlusion
  2. Child
    1. Surgical ligation or transvenous Occlusion
  • References
  1. Saenz (1999) Am Fam Physician 59(7):1857-66 [PubMed]
  2. Cyran (1998) PREP review lecture, October, Phoenix
  3. Merenstein (1994) Pediatrics, Lange