Apnea

Sleep Apnea

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Sleep Apnea

  • See Also
  1. Obstructive Sleep Apnea
  2. Central Sleep Apnea
  3. Sleep Apnea in Children
  • Epidemiology
  1. Affects more men than women
  2. Prevalence
    1. Children: 1-2% (Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy)
    2. Adult Males
      1. Adults: 9%
      2. Elderly: 27%
    3. Adult Females
      1. Adults: 4%
      2. Elderly: 19%
  • Types
  1. Obstructive Sleep Apnea
    1. Cessation of air flow despite respiratory effort
    2. Obstruction in low pharynx
      1. Between base of Tongue and Larynx
  2. Central Sleep Apnea
    1. Cessation of air flow and respiratory effort for at least 10 seconds
    2. Effects diaphragmatic or intercostal effort
  3. Mixed Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Central Sleep Apnea
  • Complications
  1. Hypertension
  2. Bradycardia
  3. Asystole
  4. Ventricular irritability
  5. Nocturnal sudden death
  6. Right Heart Failure
  7. Pulmonary Hypertension