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Glycopeptide Antibiotic

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Glycopeptide Antibiotic, Semi-Synthetic Glycopeptide, Lipoglycopeptide Antibiotic, Red Man Syndrome

  • See Also
  1. Vancomycin
  2. Telavancin
  3. Dalbavancin
  4. Oritavancin
  • Indications
  1. First Line Agent
    1. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
    2. Staphylococcus epidermidis (non-contaminant)
    3. Bacillus cereus
    4. Corynebacterium jeikeium
    5. Chryseobacterium
  2. Second Line Agent
    1. Clostridium difficile
    2. Enterococcus faecalis
    3. Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus
  • Mechanism
  1. Bactericidal agents prevent cell wall precursor transfers from plasma membrane to Bacterial cell wall
  2. Inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis
  3. Primarily active against Gram Positive Cocci (including MRSA)
  4. Glycopeptides are originally isolated from plant and soil Bacteria
  • Medications
  • Glycopeptides
  1. First-Generation Glycopeptide Antibiotic (Standard agents)
    1. Vancomycin
    2. Telavancin (Vibativ)
  2. Second-Generation Glycopeptide Antibiotic (longer acting agents, released 2014)
    1. Also known as Semi-Synthetic Glycopeptides and Lipoglycopeptide Antibiotics
    2. Dalbavancin (Dalvance)
      1. Infused over 30 minutes weekly
    3. Oritavancin (Orbactiv)
      1. Infused over 3 hours
      2. Single dose may be sufficient for MRSA Cellulitis
      3. Contraindicated with Warfarin or Heparin use
  • Adverse Effects
  1. Excessive Histamine release (occurs with rapid infusion; hold or slow infusion if occurs)
    1. Known as "Red Man Syndrome"
    2. Angioedema
    3. Flushed skin
    4. Hypotension
    5. Pruritus
  2. Toxicity if co-administered with Aminoglycoside
    1. Ototoxicity
    2. Nephrotoxicity
  3. Neutropenia
  4. Rash
  5. IgA Bullous Dermatosis (rare)
  • References
  1. Lacy (2000) Drug Information Handbook, Lexi-Comp
  2. (2014) Presc Lett 21(8): 43