Bacteria

Intracellular Bacteria

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Intracellular Bacteria, Obligate Intracellular Bacteria, Facultative Intracellular Parasite, Intracellular Pathogen, Intracellular Fungi, Intracellular Protozoa, Intracellular Organism, ATP-ADP Translocator

  • See Also
  1. Bacteria
  2. Gram Negative Bacteria
  3. Gram Positive Bacteria
  4. Anaerobic Bacteria
  5. Mycobacteria
  6. Antibiotic
  • Definitions
  1. Obligate Intracellular Organism
    1. Organisms unable to survive outside the host intracellular environment (e.g. all viruses)
  2. Facultative Intracellular Organism
    1. Organisms that are able to survive inside and outside host cells
    2. Many facultative Bacteria can survive and multiply within Macrophages after Phagocytosis
  • Mechanisms
  1. ATP-ADP Translocator
    1. Cell membrane transport system used by Obligate Intracellular Bacteria (e.g. Rickettsiae, Chlamydia)
    2. Imports ATP from the host cell into the Bacterial cell
    3. Exports ADP from the Bacterial cell into the host cell
  2. Resistance to Macrophage Phagocytosis
    1. Some Bacteria (e.g. Yersinia Pestis or Plague) secrete resistance factors that prevent lysis within Macrophages
    2. After Phagocytosis, these organisms multiply within Macrophages, via which they are distributed systemically
  1. Rickettsiae (except Rochalimaea)
  2. Chlamydiaceae
    1. Chlamydia Trachomatis
    2. Chlamydophila psittaci
    3. Chlamydophila pneumoniae (TWAR)
  3. Coxiella
  4. Mycobacterium leprae
  5. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
  • Types
  • Bacterial Facultative Intracellular Parasites (Optional Intracellular)
  1. Other Mycobacterium species
  2. Brucella
  3. Bartonella Henselae
  4. Francisella Tularensis
  5. Listeria monocytogenes
  6. Salmonella typhi and other species
  7. Legionella
  8. Nocardia
  9. Rhodococcus equi
  10. Yersinia Pestis (Plague)
  • Types
  • Intracellular Fungi
  1. Histoplasma capsulatum
  2. Pneumocystis jiroveci (Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia)
  • Types
  • Intracellular Protozoa
  1. Trypanomsoma cruzi
  2. Leishmania donovani
  3. Toxplasma
  • Types
  • Intracellular Viruses
  1. All viruses are obligate intracellular Parasites
  • References
  1. Davis (1990) Microbiology, 4th ed, Lippincott, Philadelphia, p. 446
  2. Intracellular Parasite (Wikipedia)
    1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intracellular_parasite