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Local Lidocaine

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Local Lidocaine, Xylocaine, Lidocaine Local Skin Anesthesia, Buffered Lidocaine

  • See Also
  1. Local Skin Anesthesia
  2. Regional Anesthesia
  3. Digital Block
  4. Lidocaine-Epinephrine-Tetracaine (LET Anesthesia)
  5. EMLA cream
  6. Lidocaine Patch
  • Preparations
  1. Lidocaine 0.5% (5 mg/ml)
  2. Lidocaine 1% (10 mg/ml)
  3. Lidocaine 2% (20 mg/ml)
  • Pharmacokinetics
  1. Store at room Temperature (not in refrigerator)
    1. Reduces risk of infection with multi-use bottles
    2. Kirschke (2003) Clin Infect Dis 36:1369-73 [PubMed]
  2. Lidocaine alone (1%=10 mg/ml, 2%=20 mg/ml)
    1. Onset: 2 to 5 minutes
    2. Duration: 1.5 to 2 hours
    3. Max dose: 4 mg/kg to 280 mg (up to 14 ml 2%, 28 ml 1%)
  3. Lidocaine with Epinephrine 1:100,000 or 1:200,000
    1. Onset: 2 minutes
    2. Duration: 2 to 6 hours
    3. Max dose: 7 mg/kg to 500 mg (up to 25 ml 2%, 50 ml 1%)
    4. Epinephrine increases Lidocaine's duration of action and maximal safe dose (decreases systemic absorption)
  • Dosing
  1. Intradermal Lidocaine
    1. See maximum dosing above
  • Contraindications
  • Local Lidocaine use
  1. History of allergy to Local Anesthesia
  2. See Local Anesthetic for alternatives if allergy
  • Contraindications
  • Combination with local Epinephrine use
  1. Digital Block
  2. Poor vascular supply to an avulsed area
  3. Dirty wound (risk of infection)
  4. Distal organs (relative contraindication)
    1. Previously absolutely contraindicated injection sites: Fingers, Nose, Penis, Toes, Earlobes
    2. More recent data suggests safety (approach as a relative contraindication)
      1. Ilicki (2015) J Emerg Med 49(5):799-809 +PMID: 26254284 [PubMed]
  1. Indications
    1. Effective in reducing sting from Local Lidocaine
  2. Dilution 1:10 of 7.5% Sodium Bicarbonate in Xylocaine
  3. Preparation in Syringe (3.5 cc)
    1. Xylocaine: 3 cc
    2. Sodium Bicarbonate: 0.4 cc
  4. Precautions
    1. Shelf-life of Buffered Lidocaine reduced to 1 week
  • References
  1. Pfenninger (1994) Procedures, Mosby, p. 135-155
  2. Mortiere (1996) Wound Management, p. 27-39
  3. Achar (2002) Am Fam Physician 66(1):91-4 [PubMed]