Virus
Rhinovirus
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Rhinovirus
, Common Cold Virus
See Also
Viral
Upper Respiratory Infection
(
Common Cold
)
Definitions
Human Rhinovirus (HRV)
Picornaviridae family, enterovirus genus, non-enveloped, icosehedral, single-stranded positive sense RNA virus
Over 100 Rhinovirus serotypes have been identified since first discovered in 1950
Rhinoviruses infect the respiratory tract and cause the
Common Cold
, viral
Rhinosinusitis
and viral
Otitis Media
Pathophysiology
Classification
Picornaviridae family
Enterovirus genus
Structure
Icosehedral
Single-stranded positive sense, 7200 base pair RNA virus (ssRNA)
Non-enveloped, but as a viral capsid of 60 copies each of 4
Protein
s (VP1, VP2, VP3, VP4)
Groups
Group A (74 serotypes)
Group B (25 serotypes)
Group C (50 serotypes, identified in 2009, 40 years after the original A and B types were identified)
Cell Binding via Cell
Surf
ace Receptors
Intercellular Adhesion
Mole
cule (ICAM-1, responsible for 90% of HRV binding sites)
Low Density Lipoprotein
Receptor (LDLR, minor binding site)
Transmission
Person to person transmission intranasal or
Conjunctiva
l via aerosol, hand to hand, or other fomite
Survives in indoor environments at
Ambien
t
Temperature
for hours to days
Survives on undisturbed skin for 2 hours
Associated Conditions
Upper resiratory infection
Common Cold
Viral
Rhinosinusitis
VIral
Otitis Media
Lower Respiratory Infection (esp.
Asthma
, infants, elderly,
Immunocompromised
)
Viral Pneumonia
Croup
Bronchiolitis
COPD
Exacerbation
Asthma
Pathogenesis
Severe
Bronchiolitis
References
Jacobs (2013) Clin Microbiol Rev 26(1):135-62 +PMID: 23297263 [PubMed]
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