- Normal Specific Gravity: 1.005-1.030
- Increased Specific Gravity (concentrated urine)
- Dehydration
- Fever
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Diabetes Mellitus and other causes of Glycosuria
- Congestive Heart Failure
- Syndrome Inappropriate ADH Secretion (SIADH)
- Adrenal Insufficiency
- X-Ray contrast
- Decreased Specific Gravity (dilute urine)
- Falsely Decreased specific gravity
- Alkaline urine
- Falsely Increased specific gravity
- Intravenous Dextran
- Intravenous radiopaque dye
- Proteinuria
- Phenazopyridine (Pyridium)