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Apple Cider Vinegar

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Apple Cider Vinegar

  • Background
  1. Apple Cider Vinegar is the fermented extract of the juice of crushed apples
  2. Apple Cider Vinegar contains acetic acid, pectin and various Vitamins and minerals
  • Indications
  1. Experimental use in Type 2 DIabetes and Obesity
  2. No strong evidence as of 2025 to support as a medical recommendation
  • Dosing
  1. Apple Cider Vinegar 15 ml twice daily (common study dose)
    1. Dilute each dose in 4-8 ounces of water
  • Adverse Effects
  1. Hypoglycemia
    1. Increased risk when combined with diabetes medications
    2. Increased risk when combined with certain Herbals (e.g. berberine, chromium, Garlic)
  • Safety
  1. Unknown safety in pregnancy and Lactation (avoid)
  • Efficacy
  1. Precautions
    1. Evidence is not strong and not recommended for routine use
  2. Metabolic Syndrome or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
    1. Apple Cider Vinegar may inhibit intestinal Carbohydrate breakdown
    2. Jafarirad (2023) Front Clin Diabetes Healthc 4:1288786 +PMID: 38028980 [PubMed]
  3. Obesity
    1. Apple Cider Vinegar may aid weight loss via increased Energy Expenditure and satiety
    2. Cobb (2021) Int J Exerc Sci 14(2):222-9 +PMID: 34055150 [PubMed]
    3. Abou-Khalil (2024) BMJ Nutr Prev Health 7(1):61-7 +PMID: 38966098 [PubMed]
    4. Hasan (2022) Curr Dev Nutr 6(Suppl 1):285 [PubMed]
  4. Conditions in which Apple Cider Vinegar has not been shown effective
    1. Cognitive function
    2. Major Depression
    3. Osteoarthritis
  • References
  1. (2025) Presc Lett 32(10): 60