Peds

Out-toeing

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Out-toeing, Toeing-Out, Outtoeing

  • See Also
  1. In-Toeing
  2. Pediatric Leg Disorder
  3. Pediatric Limp
  4. Gait Evaluation in Children
  • Epidemiology
  1. Less common than In-Toeing
  • Evaluation
  1. See Hip Rotation Evaluation in Children
  2. See Foot Progression Angle
  3. See Thigh-Foot Angle
  4. Angles change overtime with bone growth up until age 10 to 15 years
    1. Angles are abnormal if >2 SD from normal range for age
  • Causes
  1. Femoral Retroversion (resolves by age 1-2 years)
  2. Pes Planus (Flexible Flatfoot, resolves by age 10 years)
  3. External Tibial Torsion (onset age 4-7 years)
  • References
  1. Baird (2025) Am Fam Physician 111(2): 125-39 [PubMed]
  2. Rerucha (2017) Am Fam Physician 96(4): 226-33 [PubMed]