Pharm

Nitrofurantoin

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Nitrofurantoin, Macrodantin, Macrobid, Furadantin

  • Indications
  1. Urinary Tract Infection
  • Contraindications
  1. Prolonged use longer than 6 months
  2. Prolonged use >14 days in age over 65 years (relative contraindication if normal Renal Function)
  3. Creatinine Clearance <30-40 ml/min (short-term use <14 days appears safe at GFR >30 ml/min)
  4. References
    1. (2018) Presc Lett 25(8)
    2. Oplinger (2013) Ann Pharmacother 47(1):106-11 [PubMed]
  • Adverse Effects
  1. Pulmonary fibrosis
    1. Chronic Nitrofurantoin use
  2. Acute Nitrofurantoin Pulmonary Toxicity
  • Preparations
  1. Macrobid
    1. Capsules: 100 mg
  2. Nitrofurantoin
    1. Capsules: 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg
    2. Suspension: 25 mg per 5 ml
  • Technique
  1. Take immediately after food to increase absorption
  2. Food decreases gastrointestinal upset
  • Dosing
  • Adults
  1. Nitrofurantoin: 50 to 100 mg orally four times daily
  2. Macrobid: 100 mg orally twice daily
  3. Course: 5 days (instead of 7) is sufficient for uncomplicated UTI in non-pregnant women
    1. Gupta (2007) Arch Intern Med 167(20):2207-12 [PubMed]
  • Dosing
  • Children
  1. Nitrofurantoin: 5-7 mg/kg/day divided qid