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Inactivated Polio Vaccine

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Inactivated Polio Vaccine, Polio Vaccine, OPV, IPV, EIPV

  • Indications
  1. Primary Immunization series
  2. Travel to endemic area
    1. Asia
    2. Africa
  • Pathophysiology
  1. Reasoning in switch from oral live (OPV) to injected inactivated (EIPV)
    1. Rare risk of Poliomyelitis with oral Polio Vaccine (OPV)
    2. See Oral Polio Vaccine complications below
  2. All Inactivated Polio Vaccine (EIPV) would result in no cases of polio
    1. But decreased mucosal (GI, mucus membrane) Immunity
    2. Chance for exposure from cases from Endemic areas
      1. China
      2. India
  • Contraindications to OPV
  1. Immunodeficiency disorders
  2. Household contacts of immunodeficient person
  3. Pregnancy
  4. Hypersensitivity to Vaccine
  5. Anaphylactic reaction to neomycin or Streptomycin
  • Dose
  1. Adults: EIPV 0.5 ml SC
  1. Dose 1: Age 2 months
  2. Dose 2: Age 4 months
  3. Dose 3: Age 6 to 18 months
  4. Dose 4: Age 4 to 6 years
  • Precaution
  1. EIPV is Safe in HIV and Pregnancy
  2. Avoid OPV in HIV and Pregnancy
  • Complications
  • Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV)
  1. Cases per year Poliomyelitis associated with OPV: 8
    1. One case per 2 million doses
    2. EIPV results in no cases of Poliomyelitis
  • Resources
  1. CDC Immunization Schedules (last accessed 10/28/2020)
    1. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/
  • References
  1. (1996) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 45(RR-12):1-35 [PubMed]
  2. (2000) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 49(RR-5):1-22 [PubMed]