- Categorized as a Skin Cancer
- Prolonged Sun Exposure
- Tobacco Smoking (esp. Pipe smoking)
- Recurrent or non-healing Lip Ulcer
- Ulcer with overlying crust
- Borders of ulcer are heaped up
- Contiguous spread of untreated tumors
- Diaz in Noble (2001) Primary Care Medicine, p. 1757
- Weinberg (2002) Am Fam Physician 65(7):1379-86 [PubMed]