• See Also
  1. Tic Disorder
  2. Tic Secondary Cause
  • Epidemiology
  1. Prevalence: 1-10 cases per 10,000
  2. More common in males by a factor of 3-9 times
  3. Onset: Age 6 to 7 years
  4. Peak of severity: Ages 9 to 11 years
  • Diagnosis
  • DSM IV Criteria
  1. Both motor and Vocal Tics for more than 12 months
    1. See Tic Disorder
  2. Tics occur many times per day and nearly every day
  3. No tic-free period exceeding 3 consecutive months
  4. Impaired social or occupational functioning
  5. Onset before age 18 years
  6. Not due to Tic Secondary Causes
    1. Not due to Substance Abuse
      1. Stimulant drugs
    2. Not due to medical disease
      1. Huntington's Chorea
      2. Postviral Encephalitis
  • Symptoms
  1. See Tic Disorder
  • Differential Diagnosis
  1. See Tic Disorder
  2. Tic Secondary Cause
  • Associated Conditions
  1. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
  2. Attention Deficit Disorder
  • Management
  1. See Tourette's Syndrome Management
  • Prognosis
  1. Symptoms diminish or extinguish by age 18 (in 85% of cases)
    1. Complete resolution: 50%
    2. Improved: 30% to 50%
  2. Symptoms unchanged or worse into adulthood: 5% to 10%
  • Resources
  1. Tourette's Syndrome Association
    1. http://www.tsa-usa.org
  • References
  1. APA (1994) DSM IV, APA, p. 103
  2. Jankovic (2001) N Engl J Med 345:1184-92 [PubMed]
  3. Leckman (2006) J Child Neurol 21:642-9 [PubMed]