Vision

Myopia

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Myopia, Nearsighted, Shortsighted

  • See Also
  1. Refractive Error
  • Epidemiology
  1. Most common Refractive Error
  • Causes
  1. Autosomal Dominant inheritance
    1. Mild Myopia (-0.5 to -2.0 D) by age 5 to 8 years
    2. Moderate Myopia (-2.0 to -5.0 D) by age 8-14
    3. Severe Myopia (<-6.0 D) by age 20 to 28 years
  2. Environmental Cause (Prolonged reading, close work)
    1. Mild Myopia (-0.5 to -2.0 D) by age 8-14 years
    2. Moderate Myopia (-2.0 to -5.0 D) by age 20-28
  • Pathophysiology
  1. Light rays focus in front of Cornea
    1. Cornea too curved or lens too powerful for globe
    2. Distant objects not seen clearly
  2. Correction: Concave lenses (divergent, minus power)
  3. Degrees of Refractive Error
    1. Mild Myopia (>-1.5 Diopters)
    2. Moderate Myopia (-1.5 to -6.0 Diopters)
    3. High Myopia (<-6 Diopters)
    4. Severe Myopia (<-8 Diopters) associated conditions
      1. Glaucoma
      2. Retinal Detachment
      3. Macular Degeneration
  • Management
  1. See Refractive Error
  • References
  1. Fredrick (2002) BMJ 324:1195-9 [PubMed]